Gastroenteritis

In the upcoming summer months, it is important to remember that gastroenteritis caused by enteric bacteria, viruses, and other micro organisms is anticipated to become more prevalent. The vast majority of gastrointestinal illnesses are caused by viruses and is therefore difficult to prevent. Fortunately, these illnesses are usually self-limited, lasting usually no more than two or three days. The diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, are almost always mild. Over the counter medications such as Lomotil, Imodium, and Peptobismol are almost always adequate treatment.

Recently, at NMC, we have seen more severe cases of diarrheal illnesses. Travelers frequently succumb to gastroenteritis caused by enteric bacteria. Again, the majority of these cases are mild, and respond to treatment as above. Sometimes, these illnesses are caused by enteric pathogenic bacteria such as Shigella, Salmonella, or Campylobacter. There were several patients during a recent two month period who suffered from Campylobacter after eating undercooked chicken meat. There was even one patient who had Shigella in her stool culture (SEKIRI). All patients responded to IV hydration and antibiotic treatment. All of these pathogens are exquisitely sensitive to heat, are killed by proper cooking and preparation of food.

Finally, certain protozoa, such as ameba or giardia can be infectious agents found in contaminated well water and foods. Travelers to Central America and the southern regions of the USA are commonly affected. These infections, although more difficult to contract, are also more difficult to treat and can cause a varied constellation of symptoms, which are sometimes severe and life-threatening.

If one experiences diarrhea with high fevers or persistence over two days, or whenever diarrhea is bloody, it requires physician attention immediately.